Titre original :
Importance of the life cycle in sympatric host race formation and speciation of pathogens.
Premier auteur :
Giraud, Tatiana
Seconds auteurs :
Villareal, Lorys ; Austerlitz, Frederic ; Le Gac, Mickaël ; Lavigne, Claire
Références :
Phytopathology (2006) 96 : 280-287
Laboratoire de recherche :
Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR 9079 CNRS-Université Paris Sud, Bâtiment 360, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 ORSAY cedex, France
Abstract :
Numerous morphological species of pathogenic fungi have been shown to actually encompass several genetically isolated lineages, often specialized on different hosts and, thus, constituting host races or sibling species. In this article, we explore theoretically the importance of some aspects of the life cycle on the conditions of sympatric divergence of host races, particularly in fungal plant pathogens. Because the life cycle classically modeled by theoreticians of sympatric speciation correspond to those of free-living animals, sympatric divergence of host races requires the evolution of active associative mating or of active host preference if mating takes place on the hosts. With some particular life cycles with restricted dispersal between selection on the host and mating, we show that divergence can occur in sympatry and lead to host race formation, or even speciation, by a mere process of specialization, with strong divergent adaptive selection. Neither active assortative mating nor active habitat choice is required in these caeses, and this may explain why the phylogenetic species concept seems more appropriate than the biological species concept in these organisms.
Additionnal keywords : host choice, natural selection against immigrants from divergent habitats, parasites.
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